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Research, white papers, reports, and presentations on data centers, energy, and modern infrastructure from around the world.

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Government ReportLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory2016

United States Data Center Energy Usage Report

This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory study, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Management Program, estimates energy use by U.S. data centers from 2000 to 2020. The model covers servers, storage systems, networking equipment, and facility infrastructure, using data on the installed base of IT equipment and PUE by facility type. The report compares the current trend with a counterfactual scenario in which 2010 efficiency levels are maintained, and examines the potential of improved management, best practices, and workload migration to hyperscale data centers.

Data center energy consumptionPUEHyperscale data centersEnergy efficiency
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Government ReportInternational Energy Agency (IEA)

Key Questions on Energy and AI

A special World Energy Outlook report by the International Energy Agency examining the relationship between AI development and energy. It analyses growth in data-centre electricity consumption and capital expenditure, the physical constraints on scaling AI infrastructure, power-supply options, and implications for energy systems, prices and emissions. It also considers AI’s impact on energy and industrial efficiency, as well as demand scenarios through 2030.

AI data centersData center power supplyGrid interconnectionLiquid cooling
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